Poland's agricultural sector is undergoing a transformation from subsistence farming towards larger-scale commercial production, with the goal of increasing productivity and efficiency. While the agricultural sector only accounts for 2.6% of Poland's GDP, it remains a significant contributor to the country's economy.

Poland has 1.4 million farms, with the average size being around 10 hectares. The majority of these farms are less than 2 hectares in size, and there are only 1000 farms larger than 500 hectares. However, the structure of Polish farming is changing, and there has been a recent increase in the number of farms over 30 hectares. This shift towards larger-scale commercial farming reflects the need for greater productivity and efficiency in the sector.

Poland is a significant producer of a diverse range of agricultural products. It is the largest producer of poultry and apples in the European Union (EU), the second-largest grower of potatoes (after Germany), and ranks third in sugar beets, rapeseed, and pork. Other major crops include wheat, rye, triticale, oats, cruciferous vegetables, carrots, onions, and cherries. Wheat is the country's largest grain crop, but corn production is growing. Production of milk and dairy products is also significant.

The agricultural machinery market in Poland is quite extensive and covers major segments such as crops cultivating equipment, tractors, agricultural trailers, livestock equipment, and poultry-keeping machinery. In 2018, Poland's export of agricultural machinery and equipment reached $1.9 billion, while imports totaled $2.8 billion. Major equipment imported from European and US manufacturers included mowers and power equipment, tractors, poultry-keeping machinery and parts, parts for harvesting and threshing machinery, and agriculture sprayers and dispensers. Poland's import of agricultural machinery and equipment from the US reached USD 42 million, constituting 1.4% of the total import in this category.

In the coming years, demand for precision agricultural technologies is expected to increase as Polish farms grow and become more technologically advanced. Precision agricultural technologies are a set of tools that allow farmers to optimize crop yields and improve the quality of their products while reducing waste. These technologies include GPS-guided tractors, sensors, drones, and software that can analyze data and make recommendations for optimal farming practices. Technology that will enable greater productivity and quality control in fresh produce, pork, and poultry production will also be needed.

Pork, poultry, and fodder machinery and equipment present significant opportunities for exporters as Poland continues to expand its livestock production. The increasing number of large dairy farms in Poland may create opportunities for suppliers of various milking machines and robots.

As an EU member state, Poland has access to duty-free markets and rural development funds, which have been used extensively to modernize and upgrade the country's agricultural sector. These funds have been a driving force behind the transformation of Poland's agricultural sector, providing farmers with the resources and incentives they need to improve their operations and increase productivity.